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CRA - Certified Research Administrator - Dump Information

Vendor : RACC
Exam Code : CRA
Exam Name : Certified Research Administrator
Questions and Answers : 240 Q & A
Updated On : October 24, 2017
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CRA Questions and Answers


Successful budget process relies greatly upon effective communications. Strong communication can contributeto improved information quality, lower implementation costs, less resistance and an enhanced decision-making process. In fact, an effort to improve communications could be as simple as documenting the budget process timelines, managerial guidelines, and budget assumptions.

QUESTION: 224

There is typically no fixed time period for budget coverage.

  1. True
  2. False

Answer: A


Budgets are usually prepared for departments and for the organization as a whole. There is no fixed time period for budget coverage - they can be prepared to cover any time period as long as they meet the needs. They may be prepared top-down or bottom-up, although the bottom-up approach is believed to be more capable of leading to a successful budgeting process.

QUESTION: 225

A budget can be:

  1. static or flexible.
  2. simple or linked.
  3. correlated or embedded.
  4. None of the choices.

Answer: A


A budget can be static or flexible. A static budget is prepared for a single level of activity, while a flexible budget is prepared for any level of activity within the relevant range. In any case, differences between budgeted and actual amounts are known as budget variances. You don’t investigate all variances. You only spend time on variances that are significant.

QUESTION: 226

What kind of budget is usually prepared for a single level of activity?

  1. static
  2. flexible
  3. simple
  4. linked
  5. correlated
  6. embedded
  7. None of the choices.

Answer: A,B


A budget can be static or flexible. A static budget is prepared for a single level of activity, while a flexible budget is prepared for any level of activity within the relevant range. In any case, differences between budgeted and actual amounts are known as budget variances. You don’t investigate all variances. You only spend time on variances that are significant.

QUESTION: 227

Which of the following refers to the process whereby organizations use different cost
accounting techniques to report or control the various costs of doing business?

  1. Activity management
  2. Cost management
  3. Cost accounting
  4. Budget management
  5. Process management
  6. None of the choices.

Answer: B


Cost management is the process whereby organizations use different cost accounting techniques to report or control the various costs of doing business. Cost accounting refers to the process of tracking, recording and analyzing costs associated with the activity of an organization, where cost is defined as 'required time or resources. Costs are usually measured in units of currency by convention, and there are at least three approaches to costing, which are standard costing, activity- based costing, and throughput accounting.

QUESTION: 228

Which of the following refers to the process of tracking, recording and analyzing costs associated with the activity of an organization?

  1. Activity management accounting
  2. Proactive management accounting
  3. Cost accounting
  4. Budget management accounting
  5. Process management accounting
  6. None of the choices.

Answer: C


Cost management is the process whereby organizations use different cost accounting techniques to report or control the various costs of doing business. Cost accounting refers to the process of tracking, recording and analyzing costs associated with the activity of an organization, where cost is defined as 'required time or resources. Costs are usually measured in units of currency by convention, and there are at least three approaches to costing, which are standard costing, activity- based costing, and throughput accounting.

QUESTION: 229

With cost accounting, possible approaches may include (choose all that apply):

  1. standard costing
  2. activity-based costing
  3. throughput accounting
  4. linked accounting
  5. linked costing
  6. None of the choices.

Answer: A,B,C


Cost management is the process whereby organizations use different cost accounting techniques to report or control the various costs of doing business. Cost accounting refers to the process of tracking, recording and analyzing costs associated with the activity of an organization, where cost is defined as 'required time or resources. Costs are usually measured in units of currency by convention, and there are at least three approaches to costing, which are standard costing, activity-based costing, and throughput accounting.

QUESTION: 230

Standard costing simplifies accounting.

  1. True
  2. False

Answer: A


The idea of standard costing came from the need for managers to make decisions about products and pricing in simple ways. Since most costs were believed to be variable, managers could simply total the variable costs for a product and use this as a rough guide for decision-making. Standard costing took such an idea further by dividing the fixed costs by the number of items produced, and treating the result as if it were a variable cost. This way, managers may effectively ignore the fixed costs. The terms "direct costs" and "indirect costs" often replace the variable/fixed terminology for better reflecting the way allocation of overhead is actually calculated.

QUESTION: 231

Which of the following is a drawback of standard costing?

  1. it tends to slightly distort the resulting unit cost.
  2. it tends to greatly distort the resulting unit cost.
  3. it is costly to implement.
  4. it is always not accurate.
  5. None of the choices.

Answer: A


Standard costing simplifies the decision process to a great extent. However, it tends to slightly distort the resulting unit cost. If in the context of a mass- production industry where only one product line is produced and where fixed costs are low, the distortion could be minor and tolerable.

QUESTION: 232

Which of the following is basically costing by activities?

  1. ABC
  2. BAA
  3. ACS
  4. ADR

  5. LCC
  6. None of the choices.

Answer: A


Simply said, Activity-based costing (ABC) is costing by activities - those activities that are regularly performed inside an organization. With this approach, accountants assign 100% of each employees time to the different activities performed at work so that the total cost spent on each activity can be determined by summing up the percentage of each worker's salary spent on that activity. Since each product and service is produced and delivered via the activities performed by the employees at work, different activities can be assigned to different products using proper allocation methods. With the resulting activity cost data, one might determine where to focus the operational improvement efforts.

QUESTION: 233

Activity-based costing can help in focusing the operational improvement efforts.

  1. True
  2. True only with static cost data
  3. True only with dynamic cost data
  4. False

Answer: A


Simply said, Activity-based costing (ABC) is costing by activities - those activities that are regularly performed inside an organization. With this approach, accountants assign 100% of each employees time to the different activities performed at work so that the total cost spent on each activity can be determined by summing up the percentage of each worker's salary spent on that activity. Since each product and service is produced and delivered via the activities performed by the employees at work, different activities can be assigned to different products using proper allocation methods. With the resulting activity cost data, one might determine where to focus the operational improvement efforts.

QUESTION: 234

Before performing ABC, what should be defined to document the organization's policies,
practices, methods, measures, costs and their interrelationships at a particular location at a particular point in time?

  1. baseline for business process improvement
  2. checklist for business process improvement
  3. milestones for business process improvement
  4. mission statements for business process improvement
  5. None of the choices.

Answer: A


Before performing ABC, a baseline for business process improvement should be defined to document the organization's policies, practices, methods, measures, costs and their interrelationships at a particular location at a particular point in time. Through this exercise, activity inputs and outputs across functional lines of business can be identified. One important function of ABC is the identification of value added activities and non-value added activities. Value added activities are those for which the customers are usually willing to pay for the service. Non-value added are activities that create no value in return.

QUESTION: 235

One important function of ABC is the identification of value added activities.

  1. True
  2. False

Answer: A


Before performing ABC, a baseline for business process improvement should be defined to document the organization's policies, practices, methods, measures, costs and their interrelationships at a particular location at a particular point in time. Through this exercise, activity inputs and outputs across functional lines of business can be identified. One important function of ABC is the identification of value added activities and non-value added activities. Value added activities are those for which the customers are usually willing to pay for the service. Non-value added are activities that create no value in return.

QUESTION: 236

Which of the following refers to the total cost of ownership of a product over its useful life?

  1. ABC
  2. BAA

  3. ACS
  4. ADR
  5. LCC
  6. None of the choices.

Answer: E


Life-cycle cost (LCC) refers to the total cost of ownership of a product over its useful life. This kind of costing method is especially popular for engineering projects where a new product is being designed, developed, manufactured, and tested for years before formal production and marketing can take place. Do note that the time period in which each cost component is realized can differ a lot depending on the nature of the product in question, meaning products with the same total cost can have totally different cost distribution over time.

QUESTION: 237

Which of the following is an alternative to cost accounting?

  1. Throughput accounting
  2. Performance accounting
  3. Progress accounting
  4. Checkpoints accounting
  5. None of the choices.

Answer: A


Throughput accounting is an alternative to cost accounting. It is not based on Standard Costing or Activity Based Costing. As a matter of fact, it is not costing and it does not allocate costs to products and services. The concept of throughput accounting begins with the idea that each organization has a goal and that better decisions increase its chance of achieving the goal.

QUESTION: 238

The concept of throughput accounting begins with the idea that each organization has a
goal and that better decisions increase its chance of achieving the goal.

  1. True

  2. False

Answer: A


Throughput accounting is an alternative to cost accounting. It is not based on Standard Costing or Activity Based Costing. As a matter of fact, it is not costing and it does not allocate costs to products and services. The concept of throughput accounting begins with the idea that each organization has a goal and that better decisions increase its chance of achieving the goal.

QUESTION: 239

Which of the following refers to the process in which companies evaluate various aspects
of their business processes in relation to best practice within their own industry?

  1. Benchmarking
  2. Q-marking Check- marking
  3. Check-pointing
  4. Auditing
  5. None of the choices.

Answer: A


Benchmarking is a process in which companies evaluate various aspects of their business processes in relation to best practice within their own industry. This allows ones to develop plans on how to adopt such best practice. Although benchmarking can be a one-off event, it is often treated as a continuous process.

QUESTION: 240

Which of the following generally refers to the process by which the efforts of all personnel
responsible for an acquisition are coordinated through a comprehensive plan for fulfilling the acquisition in a timely and effective manner, and to obtain competition to the maximum extent practicable with due regard to the nature of the supplies or services that are in need?

  1. Acquisition planning
  2. Research planning
  3. Coordination planning
  4. Grant Administration Planning
  5. None of the choices.

Answer: A


"Acquisition planning" generally refers to the process by which the efforts of all personnel responsible for an acquisition are coordinated through a comprehensive plan for fulfilling the acquisition in a timely and effective manner, and to obtain competition to the maximum extent practicable with due regard to the nature of the supplies or services that are in need. It usually involves the development of the overall strategy for managing the acquisition, often using knowledge gained from prior acquisitions for further refining requirements and acquisition strategies.

RACC CRA Exam (Certified Research Administrator) Detailed Information

RACC CRA

CRA exam :: Article by ArticleForgeCRA exams Aren’t cutting It For Communities in want Posted through Josh Silver on January 21, 2016 In 1977, Congress passed the neighborhood Reinvestment Act (CRA) and required the federal banking organizations to assess a bank’s list of helping to fulfill the credit wants of the local communities, together with low- and moderate-salary neighborhoods, during which the establishment is chartered, per the secure and sound operation of the institution.
today, the organizations do an unsatisfactory job in deciding upon what the credit needs are and also don't cautiously solicit the views of community-based agencies and community residents about what their needs are and how neatly the banks meet these needs. due to this fact, CRA checks produce inflated scores with more than ninety eight % banks passing their checks. If the corporations did a better job uncovering needs, rankings could be extra rigorous and more effective in conserving banks responsible.
Three federal agencies: the Federal Reserve Board, the workplace of the Comptroller of the forex, and the Federal Deposit assurance business enterprise conduct CRA exams and expense banks on their level of loans, investments, and services in low- and reasonable-salary communities. Banks get hold of one of 4 rankings: spectacular, ample, wants-to-enrich, and titanic Noncompliance. The ultimate two rankings are considered fail scores, and less than two p.c of the banks have obtained them over the final a few years. The rankings should rely upon how neatly the banks reply to credit and group wants, however regrettably, these needs are in fact not identified on CRA assessments.
CRA examiners habits "efficiency context analysis." What this jargon capacity is that they're imagined to analyze housing and financial conditions and advance a wants analysis. as an instance, are emptiness quotes low for apartment or house owner housing and does a excessive percent of renters and/or homeowners adventure a price burden (paying more than 30 percent of their month-to-month profits for housing)? in that case, what is the financial institution doing to tackle this want? Is it financing development of new or rehabilitated condominium and house owner units? what's the state of small company lending within the group and what obstacles do small agencies event in having access to loans? Have banks tightened up on collateral necessities, for example?
different questions contain priority needs and the perspectives of nonprofit corporations. inside a state or metropolitan enviornment, what are the counties or cities with greater relative need as measured by transformations in housing charge burden, foreclosure prices, or percentage of residents that are underbanked or unbanked? What are community agencies saying about these situations and wishes? What are nonprofit group-primarily based organizations announcing about how effortless or tough it is to purchase grants and different financing for core operating help, for pre-construction or development financing for within your means housing, for funding for the supply of technical tips to small businesses or job training?
Alarmingly, CRA exam efficiency context evaluation seldom naturally illuminates or identifies needs. CRA checks also deliver very generic narratives involving conversations with community organizations, citing observations like the want for extra competitively priced housing or economic schooling. moreover, CRA efficiency context analysis is often a blur of census statistics with unimaginative and uninformative evaluation focused on information such as the number and percentages of households in low- and average-revenue census tracts.
All isn't misplaced. The San Francisco Federal Reserve bank has reformed the way it conducts CRA performance context analysis, that can serve as a model for different regulators. It has a researcher that conducts these analyses for checks of the banks it supervises. The researcher coordinates his work with group affairs officers and CRA examiners. whereas probably the most contemporary San Francisco Fed CRA exams still want work from a group standpoint, their efficiency context analyses are probably the most sophisticated and evidently highlight needs. The analyses additionally compare smaller areas like cities and counties inside significant metropolitan areas in order that they give a read CRAer with priority needs in smaller areas that the bank can address.
In a approaching paper, NCRC can be proposing a few strategies for CRA examiners, banks, and group businesses on how to enrich CRA performance context analysis. One suggestion should be the construction of a group of efficiency context measures like housing charge burdens and vacancy prices that illuminate relative want across geographical areas. one other recommendation can be tons greater mighty conversations between CRA examiners and neighborhood companies so an awful lot extra perception about unmet wants may also be developed. presently, some banks make efforts to interact community corporations in efficiency context analysis, including organising advisory committees which include neighborhood stakeholders. These efforts as well as more common communication between banks and community businesses may still ensue.
ultimately, CRA need to be about talk to determine community needs and how neatly banks reply to them. this can create more energetic opinions and scores of banks. The existing implementation of efficiency context evaluation and engagement with communities in insightful conversations fall far short of the dreams of the CRA statute and regulations.
(image credit: _limoe, via flickr, CC by-NC-ND 2.0)
about the creator greater » Josh B. Silver is a senior advisor at NCRC, the place he produces white papers on the group Reinvestment Act and reasonable lending coverage and concerns. He also serves as an expert on not pricey housing and community reinvestment. He back to NCRC after serving as a development manager engaged in fundraising and analysis at Manna, Inc., a housing nonprofit developer and counseling agency serving the District of Columbia. He additionally in the past served as vp of research and coverage at NCRC for 19 years. In that capability, Mr. Silver developed NCRC’s policy positions, produced numerous research stories, engaged in suggestion writing and fundraising, and supervised a personnel of research and coverage analysts. He has written NCRC testimony submitted to Congress on issues including monetary modernization, predatory lending, and the effectiveness of the neighborhood Reinvestment Act (CRA) as well as a large number of comment letters to federal banking agencies on subjects starting from the merger utility system and the content and accuracy of domestic and small company statistics. just before NCRC, Mr. Silver labored on the city Institute for five years, the place he specialized in housing market evaluation and program evaluation. He holds a grasp’s degree in public affairs from the Lyndon Johnson school of Public Affairs on the tuition of Texas in Austin.
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AHRA focuses on CRA exam training in 2004 January 12, 2004 -- The licensed Radiology Administrator (CRA) designation is the best knowledgeable credential tailor-made especially for radiology directors. The certification, developed and maintained with the aid of the American Healthcare Radiology administrators (AHRA) company, assures that those persons who hang the credential have the minimal skills indispensable to efficiently control an imaging branch or middle.
Certification requires the demonstrated mastery of the body of talents radiology directors want: human aid management, asset useful resource administration, fiscal administration, operations administration, and verbal exchange and tips management.
As a part of a five-12 months dedication to the AHRA, Eastman Kodak fitness Imaging subsidized the building of the CRA credential. Eligibility for the exam is based on a point equipment, with seven aspects vital to sit for the exam. Candidates have to have management, supervisory, or administrative journey in radiology or scientific imaging, and receive aspects for training in addition to different professional credentials.
The examination is given a couple of instances throughout the 12 months at numerous areas all over the U.S., dates and times for the coming 12 months can be found at the AHRA internet website. in addition, the examination is obtainable every 12 months on the Saturday earlier than the birth of the AHRA’s annual assembly and exposition, which should be held this yr in Boston on July 31.
The exam takes approximately four hours and includes greater than 180 questions. practically 400 healthcare professionals have earned the CRA certification within the two years it has been purchasable.
The improvement of taking the CRA exam, and having the credential, comprises the personal pride of receiving validation; being on the innovative of the profession; and showing a latest or future organization that one has the minimum qualifications to run an imaging branch.
The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) recognizes the CRA credential as an advanced certification and offers 24 continuing training contraptions (CEUs) for passing the examination. as soon as acquired, a CRA wants 36 CEUs every three years to hold the certification.
The AHRA Board of administrators has made finding the crucial mass for unfold and acceptance of the CRA a spotlight for this year. Berlex Laboratories, a U.S. subsidiary of Berlin-based Schering AG, has turn into the sponsor of the primary AHRA textbook currently under building, fiscal administration in Radiology, so they can tackle areas within the fiscal management area of the CRA exam. The AHRA plans to enhance a sequence of six textbooks over the next few years in response to the content in the CRA domains.
A mannequin for look at businesses is additionally being developed. probably most crucial, present CRAs are being requested to mentor a colleague who is considering taking the examine, but is frightened for one motive or yet another.
To put together for the verify, the AHRA has a examine guide accessible referred to as the study CRA e book for the certified Radiology Administrator Examination, in addition to an online apply exam the place an applicant can get a suppose for the classification of questions that could be encountered when taking the exam.
The AHRA training basis backed "Stepping Stones for success" courses at its annual assembly. The AHRA also will host a sequence of "Stepping Stones for achievement" audio conferences during 2004. These shows are designed to aid new and aspiring radiology administrators and people preparing for the CRA examination, and should we held on right here dates:
January 15, 2004, 1 p.m.- 2:30 p.m. ESTYou’ve decided to Take the CRA exam -- Now What?offered via Gary Duehring, CRAFebruary 26, 2004, 1 p.m.- 2:30 p.m. ESTManaging existing AssetsPresented by means of C. Wayne Hibbs, Hibbs & associates, Dallas, TX
July 8, 2004, 1 p.m.- 2:30 p.m. ESTPlanning & programs pondering for the Radiology AdministratorPresented via Gary Kelsey
September 23, 2004, 1 p.m.- 2:30 p.m. ESTMarketing one zero one for Radiology AdministratorsPresented with the aid of Gary Heebner, Ph.D., cell acquaintances, Foristell, MO
October 28, 2004, 1 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. ESTRegulatory and prison concerns of Human substances in RadiologyPresented by means of Steve Wynkoop, Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, Greenville, SC
As a CRA and president-select of the AHRA, I’d like to problem all and sundry to get the word out, inspire our colleagues (AHRA participants or now not) and assist this possibility to develop the occupation with the aid of getting your CRA in 2004. when you've got further questions, please contact the AHRA at 978-443-7591, on-line at www.ahraonline.org, or e mail us at crainfo@ahraonline.org.
by using Robbie EdgeAuntMinnie.com contributing writerJanuary 12, 2004 Robbie facet would like to thank Mary Reitter, govt director of the AHRA, and Karen guy, AHRA communications supervisor, for their information with this text.
connected analyzing
AHRA names boards, awards, September 11, 2003
AHRA to host fusion imaging teleconference, October 16, 2002
2002 AHRA offers a multidisciplinary strategy to radiology management, September 9, 2002
AHRA administrator software accepting functions, June 26, 2002
Wallace installed as AHRA president, August 14, 2000
Copyright © 2004 AuntMinnie.com

FDIC considerations first quarter 2014 CRA examination agenda ARLINGTON, VA (November 29, 2013) — The Federal Deposit coverage agency (FDIC) has issued the general public list of institutions that it has scheduled for a group Reinvestment Act (CRA) examination throughout the first quarter of 2014. This list is posted pursuant to revised CRA rules posted in may additionally 1995 that require each federal bank and thrift regulator to publish a quarterly CRA examination time table at least 30 days before the beginning of each and every quarter.
The examination time table displays the effects of an establishment’s measurement and CRA score on examination frequency. Absent reasonably-priced cause, an institution with $250 million or much less in assets and a CRA ranking of enough will also be subject to a CRA examination no extra generally than once every forty eight months. Absent low-budget trigger, an establishment with $250 million or less in property and a CRA score of outstanding may also be subject to a CRA examination no greater often than once each 60 months.
The schedule of associations to be examined January 1, 2014, via March 31, 2014, is in response to the ideal guidance now obtainable. Examination schedules may additionally trade. as an example, a regulated fiscal institution not in any other case scheduled for an examination can be examined in connection with the utility for a deposit facility. on the other hand, some associations may additionally require more time and components than at the beginning dispensed, for that reason delaying other scheduled examinations. If an establishment is rescheduled for a distinct quarter, that suggestions may be protected on a later checklist.
The regulators inspire public comment on the institutions to be examined beneath the CRA. feedback about FDIC-supervised associations should still be directed to the associations themselves or to the Deputy Regional Director of the applicable FDIC regional workplace (an inventory of these locations is connected). All public feedback acquired prior to completion of a CRA examination could be regarded.
To receive these days’s quarterly record if no longer accessible as an attachment, name (703) 562-2200 or (877) 275-3342, fax a request to (703) 562-2296, or write to:
FDICPublic assistance Center3501 Fairfax DriveRoom E-1002Arlington, VA 22226
The quarterly checklist also is attainable on the information superhighway at www.fdic.gov.
The group Reinvestment Act is a 1977 legislation intended to encourage insured banks and thrifts to aid meet the credit score wants of the communities wherein they're chartered to do company, including low- and moderate-salary neighborhoods, consistent with safe and sound operations.
Attachments:
FDIC CRA Regional office Contacts
CRA examination time table record for First Quarter 2014
Congress created the Federal Deposit assurance employer in 1933 to repair public self belief in the nation’s banking gadget. The FDIC insures deposits at the nation’s 6,891 banks and reductions associations, and it promotes the defense and soundness of these institutions by way of selecting, monitoring and addressing risks to which they're exposed. The FDIC receives no federal tax dollars — insured economic associations fund its operations.
FDIC press releases and other assistance are available on the cyber web at www.fdic.gov, by way of subscription electronically (go to www.fdic.gov/about/subscriptions/index.html) and may also be got throughout the FDIC’s Public information center (877-275-3342 or 703-562-2200). PR-107-2013

CRA Sunshine Examination methods launched
domestic > bank elements > bank resources Publications > Compliance corner Archives > 2002 > First Quarter
In December 2001, FFIEC authorized interagency examination methods that aid examiners investigate economic associations' compliance with the CRA Sunshine necessities provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA). The Federal Reserve gadget's regulation G (12 CFR 207)1, which became advantageous on April 1, 2001, implements the GLBA CRA Sunshine necessities provisions.
legislation G generally requires nongovernmental entities or persons and insured depository associations or affiliates which are events to certain written agreements made in fulfillment of the community Reinvestment Act (CRA) to (i) make the agreements obtainable to the public and to the crucial supervisory agency and (ii) file annual experiences concerning those agreements with the important supervisory company. apart from describing elements concerning the success of the CRA, rules G also gives standards for deciding on when an settlement is a "lined settlement," for that reason triggering the disclosure and annual reporting requirements of the regulation.
the new examination procedures center of attention first on no matter if management is sufficiently widely wide-spread CRA with the necessities of regulation G to permit them to identify coated agreements. within the adventure that management has decided that the establishment is a celebration to at least one or greater covered agreements, the examination strategies then focus on the establishment's practices concerning the disclosure of covered agreements and the submitting of annual reports, as required with the aid of the legislation. each of these studies may also be accomplished via a discussion with management or by means of reviewing the institution's policies and methods involving regulation G.
The Board's March 2001 techniques for submitting of documents related to the CRA Sunshine necessities are available on the Board of Governor's website .
The customer Compliance guide will quickly be available on the Board of Governors' site .
The views expressed in this article are those of the author and are not always these of this Reserve bank or the Federal Reserve equipment.

CRA exam basics and Ninth District breakdown CRA examination basics and Ninth District breakdown an outline of the group Reinvestment Act (CRA) examination procedure and assessment of how the Minneapolis Fed's member banks fare in terms of their CRA compliance.
Paula Woessner | neighborhood development Publications Editor
published March 1, 2007  | March 2007 difficulty
As our leading characteristic shows, the laws implementing the group Reinvestment Act (CRA) underwent colossal revisions in 2005 that improved the definition and geographic scope of CRA-certified group development actions. In light of the changes, it's useful to revisit some fundamentals of the regulations, such as the primary workings of CRA examinations. right here, we offer a short review of the examination process. We also deliver an evaluation of how the Minneapolis Fed's member banks fare when it comes to their CRA compliance. because the evaluation reveals, member banks within the Ninth District are generally in decent standing beneath the CRA.
rankings and exams The Federal Reserve equipment (FRS) is one in every of a large number of federal and state companies that monitor and evaluate financial institutions' compliance with banking laws, as a way to ensure the banking system is secure and sound and consumers are protected. As part of this manner, regulators function periodic, specialized examinations to evaluate how neatly banks agree to legal guidelines and regulations such as the CRA.
A bank's standard CRA performance is rated fabulous, ample, should enrich, or enormous Noncompliance. To check these ratings, regulators observe examination tactics in accordance with the regulations that put in force the CRA. These regulations set diverse efficiency standards in accordance with a bank's asset measurement.
a large bank, defined as an establishment with belongings of greater than $1.033 billion,1/ is evaluated below three exams: lending, investment and repair. The lending check involves a evaluation of the financial institution's personal loan portfolio to assess, amongst other issues, no matter if the establishment is lending to small businesses and small farms; featuring loans to borrowers in any respect income stages, with a focus on low- and average-revenue (LMI) borrowers; and making loans in census tracts of diverse profits degrees, with a focus on LMI tracts. As a component of the lending verify, massive banks are required to always bring together and file statistics on their small farm and small business loans.
An extra component of the lending look at various requires enormous banks to make group building loans and to bring together and document facts on those loans. one of the crucial different checks, the service check, additionally has a group development component. The closing look at various, the funding examine, differs from the other two assessments in that it's based completely on community building exercise. In different phrases, the CRA requires large banks to participate in three classes of pastime—lending, investments, and services—and further requires that each one or one of the vital actions in each and every of the three categories meet the CRA’s definition of community building.
So what is that definition? previous to September 1, 2005, the CRA laws described community building as:
  • low-budget housing for LMI people,
  • neighborhood services targeted to LMI individuals,
  • activities that promote financial building by using financing small agencies or small farms [defined as businesses or farms having gross revenues of $1 million or less], or
  • actions that revitalize or stabilize LMI geographies.
  • below the revisions that took impact in 2005, the first three add-ons of this definition were left unchanged and the fourth element became expanded. It now read CRAs:
  • actions that revitalize or stabilize LMI geographies, distinctive catastrophe areas, or distressed or underserved nonmetropolitan center-income geographies.
  • Intermediate small banks (ISBs), described as having property from $258 million up to $1.033 billion, have a distinct set of CRA tasks than tremendous banks. ISBs have to meet the widespread CRA add-ons of the lending check, as described above for huge banks, however are not required to bring together and document CRA personal loan facts. They additionally must meet a separate community development test that may include loan, investment and repair undertaking, counting on the bank's strategy and materials. Examiners verify and price an ISB's efficiency in keeping with how responsive the bank's actions are to group building needs. as an example, an ISB whose group construction activities encompass many loans, some features and only a few investments may nonetheless earn a satisfactory rating or more suitable, so long as its activities replicate an appropriate level of responsiveness to the neighborhood building needs of the enviornment.
    Small banks, described as having property of less than $258 million, have yet a special set of tasks under the CRA. Small banks are required to satisfy group credit needs via lending fully. They aren't required to document CRA loan information or have interaction in group construction activities. Most small banks obtain no higher than a sufficient CRA rating under this streamlined look at various. although, a superb ranking for a small financial institution is feasible. A small financial institution with a really effective lending checklist can earn an outstanding ranking based mostly totally on that checklist. then again, a small financial institution that has a sufficient lending listing and chooses to engage in neighborhood development actions can ask its regulator to consider these activities and trust the bank for a pretty good score.
    Regulators function CRA examinations at intervals in response to banks' scores and asset sizes. significant banks and ISBs rated sufficient or more advantageous are examined every 24 months. Small banks rated satisfactory are examined every 48 months, whereas these rated fabulous are examined each 60 months. The examination interval shortens to 12 months for any bank rated less than ample, even with its asset dimension.
    strategies and context In preparation for a CRA examination, examiners from the FRS' purchaser Affairs characteristic check with the U.S. Census Bureau and different sources to gather assistance on the demographics and economic situations of the establishment's geographically delineated carrier enviornment, or evaluation area. all the way through the examination, a crew of examiners spends a week or more on the bank's premises, reviewing loan info and other statistics which have been generated on account that the previous examination. The examiners meet with bank officers and employees to talk about the establishment's familiar performance, strategic plan, and a lot of different concerns. in addition, they interview individuals from the group, lots of whom characterize local nonprofit businesses or executive companies, to focus on how well the financial institution meets group credit score wants.
    Following strategies in keeping with the CRA laws and set by means of the Federal economic institutions Examination Council (FFIEC),2/ examiners analyze the tips they've gathered, reach conclusions in regards to the bank's performance beneath each and every criterion and assign a score to every test. in the end, examiners fee the financial institution's typical performance under the CRA. Their analyses are grounded in the bank's efficiency context, which underlies each conclusion the examiners reach below the efficiency criteria.
    The performance context contains two general components: bank qualities, similar to items, supplies and personnel potential; and evaluation enviornment features, corresponding to household profits tiers, housing fees, the availability of group construction opportunities, and every other critical elements tied to credit score wants. by using realizing the performance context, examiners can consider banks on a case-by using-case foundation and investigate if each and every bank meets its neighborhood's credit needs in an affordable means.
    For gigantic banks and ISBs, the CRA examination strategies train examiners on the way to weigh and mix the ratings of individual assessments to arrive at an basic rating. as an example, the tactics state that an ISB will earn an normal stunning ranking if examiners expense it wonderful on each the lending and community building checks, or fee it marvelous on a kind of two assessments and as a minimum adequate on the different. once the examiners' analyses are finished and an usual score assigned, the findings are compiled in a public disclosure known as a CRA efficiency assessment (PE). each newly accomplished PE is brought to the president of the examined financial institution and made available to the general public via the FFIEC's internet site.
    The Ninth District breakdown The Minneapolis Fed's customer Affairs examiners are responsible for evaluating the CRA performance of the eighty one commercial state banks in the Ninth District which have elected to be members of the FRS. however these 81 institutions, referred to as state member banks (SMBs), make up just one-tenth of the District's approximately 800 business banks, their geographic distribution and asset sizes imply a fair illustration of the banks in our vicinity.
    Of the Ninth District's eighty one SMBs, 2 are classified as huge banks beneath the CRA, 18 fall in the ISB category and the ultimate 61 are classified as small banks. In a state-by means of-state breakdown, Montana leads with 30 of the Ninth District's SMBs, adopted intently with the aid of Minnesota with 26. South Dakota has 11, northwestern Wisconsin and the higher Peninsula of Michigan have 5 apiece, and North Dakota has 3. The ultimate SMB is located within the outlier state of Wyoming, however falls under the Minneapolis Fed's jurisdiction as a result of its bank holding enterprise is observed in Montana.
    basic, Ninth District SMBs seem like doing a excellent job of CRA compliance.
    "All of our member banks are presently rated sufficient or improved and we haven't had a must enhance in a very long time," notes Mike Wold, a client Affairs managing examiner for the Minneapolis Fed.
    CRA PEs determine one of the vital quite a lot of actions that meet the CRA laws' definition of a group construction personal loan, qualified investment or group development carrier. Examples from the Ninth District, pulled from PEs of marvelous-rated giant banks and ISBs, encompass a certificates of deposit in a credit score union owned via an American Indian tribe, an funding in a fitness and social provider facility that serves LMI community participants, a loan to construct a housing complicated for LMI senior residents, and the volunteer services of a financial institution officer who offers free tax preparation assistance to low-earnings americans.
    more than a dozen of the District's superb ratings belong to small banks that requested the examiners to consider their neighborhood construction activities in addition to their lending endeavor. sample neighborhood building actions that helped these small associations earn fantastic rankings consist of the purchase of bonds from a state housing finance company that gives loans to LMI homebuyers; provider on the board of a local nonprofit company that helps abused, left out or deserted little ones; and provides to LMI families who have been displaced by way of wildfires.
    The Ninth District's CRA PEs reveal clusters of community development functions and economic construction financing—in different phrases, actions that healthy the middle two prongs of the four-pronged community building definition listed above. in line with consumer Affairs Managing Examiner Lisa DeClark, it's pretty standard.
    "Most of our District is made from sparsely populated rural areas, the place there is little developed infrastructure to aid low cost housing or the form of 'revitalization or stabilization' activities defined below the ancient CRA. usually, the top of the line number of actions in the District have fallen under neighborhood features and economic construction. Of the 4 styles of neighborhood building, or not it's the 2nd and third the place we have now found most of our actions, not the primary and fourth."
    That could alternate beneath the revised CRA. As stated above and in our main characteristic, the revisions that took impact in late 2005 broadened the that means of "revitalize and stabilize" to include not handiest LMI areas, but also targeted catastrophe areas and distressed or underserved nonmetropolitan center-profits areas. With greater counties within the Ninth District now eligible for consideration beneath the CRA, the expertise for a financial institution's loans, investments and features to qualify as group building has increased.
    Repeating the procedure The outcomes of the new neighborhood construction definition remain to be considered, considering it will take time for all of the Ninth District's SMBs to cycle through the examination agenda and receive an assessment beneath the revised laws.
    As each and every financial institution's turn comes up, consumer Affairs examiners will repeat the manner of getting to know, traveling, examining and reporting. they will grow familiar with applying the new CRA revisions, just as they've integrated past CRA revisions into their every day work. And at the end of each examination, they may arrive at a ranking that reflects their most advantageous judgment of how smartly the bank meets its community's wants.
    For extra tips on the CRA, visit www.ffiec.gov/cra/default.htm. CRA PEs for Ninth District SMBs and different regulated business banks within the U.S. can be found at www.ffiec.gov/craratings/default.aspx.
    Fed examiners share CRA compliance counsel
    The regulations that enforce the community Reinvestment Act (CRA) lay out clear-reduce examination tactics for federal regulators to follow, however there are not any corresponding tactics that inform banks how to monitor or improve their CRA efficiency. Some regulatory groups offer banks assistance to assist fill the gap. as an example, the Minneapolis Fed conducts CRA outreach within the type of advisory visits, conference calls and one-on-one technical advice. here, we share some regularly occurring CRA-related tips from the Minneapolis Fed's consumer Affairs enviornment.
    First and optimal, and notably for huge banks and intermediate small banks, examiners recommend taking steps to make sure personnel at all degrees have a radical realizing of the CRA's definition of neighborhood building, to be able to determine qualified actions as they take place. additionally, banks should consider constructing an inner monitoring device so that they'll be aware about group development activities on an ongoing foundation—an certainly vital recommendation for any financial institution that strikes into a much better asset class and, as a result, faces a unique evaluation method at its subsequent CRA examination.
    Karin Bearss, a buyer Affairs senior examiner who conducts CRA advisory visits on the Minneapolis Fed's member banks, stresses another vital piece of suggestions.
    "Banks should be aware about the development wants and alternatives of their communities. If a financial institution says its evaluation area would not have community construction needs, our response can be, 'How were you aware that?'"
    Banks can dwell abreast of group building wants by monitoring local news and events; accomplishing out to colleges, human service agencies and housing companies; and communicating consistently with valued clientele, amongst different capability.
    Examiners additionally advise banks to make CRA compliance a part of their basic strategic plan. For banks which are area to neighborhood development assessments beneath the CRA, that capacity weaving an emphasis on group development into their business practices and general operations.
    For extra tips on the CRA, contact the Minneapolis Fed's client Affairs office at 612-204-6500.



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